NCBS Research

Wednesday, January 25th, 2012
Romesh and Kathy Wadhwani will inaugurate a new research centre on 25 January 2012 at 1:30pm, in the colonnade of NCBS's new laboratory building. Tea and snacks will be served at a brief function which will conclude before 2:15pm.  All are welcome.

inStem's Shanta Wadhwani Centre, in memory of Romesh Wadhwani's late mother, will benefit from generous funds from the Wadhwani Foundation (http://wadhwani-foundation.org) with the likelihood that demonstrated excellence by the centre in the coming five years will elicit continued support. Along with supporting excellence in science, the Wadhwani Foundation has major programs in college-level entrepreneurship, skills colleges, policy initiatives to accelerate economic growth in emerging economies and programmes to support the disabled.  Research at the Shanta Wadhwani Centre will be based in inStem's laboratories at the National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR, Bangalore and will focus on the mechanisms underlying stem-cell directed differentiation and cardiomyopathies. It will soon expand to include the neurosciences.

Success in cutting-edge science requires us to be nimble and flexible. The Wadhwani Foundation brings an invaluable icing to the generous cake of support from the Department of Biotechnology to inStem and from the Department of Atomic Energy to NCBS-TIFR. It allows us to put in place the best teams, including fellowships for group leaders, post-docs and students of any nationality to work in our campus, and for our students and postdocs to go elsewhere for collaborations. These fellowships will link NCBS and inStem researchers with their global collaborators working on the cell and molecular biology of cardiac and neural development, disease and regeneration.

Wednesday, January 18th, 2012

NCBS alumni Ganesan Pugalenthi is getting plaudits for his work on bioinformatics algorithms, softwares and tools. He won the 2011 Bioclues Innovation, Research and Development (BIRD) Award, which is given every year for outstanding contributions in the field of functional genomics and bioinformatics by Bioclues, a non-profit virtual organisation "for, by and of" Indian bioinformaticians. The award ceremony was held on 23rd December 2011 at the National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad.

Friday, January 6th, 2012

 

NCBS installed a symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) cluster, the largest of its kind in India, on 28th December 2011. SMP clusters are used for high-performance computing, where calculations are carried out in parallel. The system at NCBS is a Silicon Graphics Inc. (SGI) Ultra Violet (UV) 1000 SMP cluster.

Thursday, December 1st, 2011

NCBS's alumnus Santosh Kumar Jha has won the TAA-Zita Lobo Memorial Award 2010-2011 for his Ph.D. thesis. His doctoral work titled Characterization of the nature of free energy barriers during the folding and unfolding of small proteins looked at noncooperative and polymer natures of protein folding and unfolding reactions. His work also provided the first direct experimental evidence in support of the 20-year old dry molten globule hypothesis in the field. Jayant Udgaonkar was Jha's Ph.D. Supervisor.

Monday, August 1st, 2011

Malaria may be severely affecting conservation efforts in Pakke Tiger Reserve, according to a recent study by authors Nandini Velho, Umesh Srinivasan, N.S. Prashanth and William F. Laurance, published in the current issue of Biological Conservation.

Saturday, June 25th, 2011
As in many parts of the world, soil salinity is a chronic condition in cultivable lands across most of India. Water provided by irrigation is saltier than rain, and so increased dependence on irrigation, and inadequate drainage systems, are causing soil salt to build up to toxic levels. Plant scientists are trying to develop crop varieties and management strategies that lead to higher salt tolerance. Pannaga Krishnamurthy and M.K. Matthew, from NCBS and their international colleagues* recently developed an elegant and practical technique to induce salt tolerance in rice, reported in the Journal of Experimental Botany.
Friday, June 3rd, 2011

Sandeep Krishna recently joined the NCBS faculty. As playful and fun to talk to as he professes to be below, he agreed without hesitation to take part in a hypothetical discussion. This is the set-up: Sandeep has just boarded a train to Chennai and, taking his seat, he finds himself next to the sharp-minded matriarch of the Bhatia dynasty, Mrs Lakshmi Bhatia. She has a vast reservoir of disposable cash and is eagerly looking for worthwhile projects to finance. Let's eavesdrop on their conversation as they watch the dry and dusty southern Indian landscape roll by...

So Sandeep, please tell me about this research that you do in Bangalore.

Sandeep: Sure. I do a lot of theoretical work. I'm interested in what one could call basic science, not that I think there is a sharp line between basic and applied research. We are trying to understand phenomena at many different scales, the way that organisms function, how they are built, why they are built that way, how they manage to interact with the environment. More specifically, I focus on cells and information: how do cells get information about their environment, how do they deal with, and make decisions based on, all this information? We know that there are regulatory networks that determine these decisions, I want to understand the principles that govern the operation and evolution of those networks.

Tuesday, May 24th, 2011

Vatsala Thirumalai, a recent addition to the NCBS faculty line-up, can barely remember a time when she wasn't fascinated by neuroscience. In the interview below she tells how she is particularly interested in how the growth of the nervous system is coupled to the overall growth of an animal. A humble person, Vatsala explains her own growth as a developmental biologist largely in terms of the wonderful mentors she has had throughout her career.

G: How did you get into science?

V: I really was interested in neuroscience from the very beginning, that's what brought me into science. The interest in neuroscience came from two or three different avenues. One was that I liked biology a lot but if you looked in high school biology textbooks, then in physiology there are lessons on how respiration works, how circulation works, how the kidney works, and all that, but when you go to the nervous system, there was nothing really given in the textbooks. They only covered that simple monosynaptic reflex arc - you hit your kneecap and your leg flies up. And then they describe the different regions of the brain, cerebrum, cerebellum, spinal cord and so on. But that was about it.  They never told you what was really going on in these brain regions, in the type of detail you would find for, say, the circulatory system. You know: all the chambers of the heart and how the flow goes from one to the next, through the lung, the oxygenation. When I asked my teacher Ms. Getsie about it, she told me that that was because we didn't know much about how the brain works. That piqued my interest in neuroscience. And on top of that philosophically I was interested in the nature of thoughts, why do we have thoughts, and what are they made of, is there a soul etc etc.,  so I really wanted to follow neurobiology and be a scientist.

Tuesday, February 15th, 2011

Namrata Jayanth, a PhD student in Mrinalini Puranik's lab at NCBS was recently awarded a highly competitive travel award to attend the 2011 annual meeting of the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Washington. Below, Namrata talks about the conference and her research.

Namrata, is this your first big international conference?

Wednesday, February 2nd, 2011

Aswin Sai Narain Seshasayee has recently returned to his favourite place in the world, south India, to take up a faculty position at NCBS. In the interview below, Aswin tells how his interests in genomics and bacteria were initiated, how his career took him from Chennai to Cambridge, and what he thinks about his current research on global regulators of transcription in the bacterium E. coli.

Hi Aswin. Could you tell us a bit about your early life and how you got into science?

I was born and brought up in Chennai. My parents moved there in the 70s, well before I was born in 1983. I went to the local school, but moved to a bigger school when I was 11. It had a more modern approach - less mugging up! 

Saturday, December 18th, 2010

A torch beam flashes and there is a glimpse of fur between the branches. A loris goes about its nightly business of feeding by trying to catch insects with its hands or gouge out resins from tree-holes, extricating itself from a mess of climbers and being bitten by mosquitoes. The Bengal slow loris is one of the three species of a genus of nocturnal primate found only in South Asia. They live in the rainforests of North-East India, sharing their habitats with a host of other interesting creatures such as leopard cats, civets, muntjacs, snakes, birds and spectacularly coloured moths. But beyond the rosy picture, the slow loris is threatened by the extremely lucrative illegal wildlife trade. Recent studies and market surveys have shown that slow lorises are one among the most commonly seen primate species in markets across their range. This has resulted in shifting the species from Appendix II to Appendix I of the CITES in 2007. Sadly, not enough is known about this widespread species (northeast India, Burma, Cambodia, southern China, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam) to put in place effective conservation measures.

Friday, November 12th, 2010

A team of researchers from NCBS and the Centre for Wildlife studies, Bangalore has brought out the first account of the striped hyena from India. The study, conducted by Priya Singh, Arjun Gopalswamy and Dr Ullas Karanth, formed a part of Priya’s Master’s thesis. Their study involved estimating the population abundances of hyenas in the Kumbalgarh and Esrana regions of Rajasthan, and was published in the journal Mammology.

Saturday, November 6th, 2010
A team of scientists, led by Dr. Raghu Padinjat at the National Centre of Biological Sciences, Bangalore, has recently described an ion channel in Drosophila that is required for zinc homeostasis during animal development. This study, reported in the October issue of Cell Metabolism and done in collaboration with scientists at the Babraham Institute, Cambridge and Uniklinikum des Saarlandes, Germany has significant practical implications, since zinc is used in the treatment of acute and persistent diarrhea in children.

Childhood diarrhea accounts for a high incidence of mortality in developing countries. Every year, almost 1.5 million children under the age of 5 years die from diarrhea, more than 80% of them in Africa and Asia. A number of studies have found a correlation between the time and dosage of zinc supplementation and alleviation of diarrhea symptoms. The World Health Organization now recommends the use of low-osmolarity oral rehydration solutions, together with zinc supplementation for the treatment of diarrhea. However, the molecular basis for the physiological efficacy of zinc in this setting is ill-defined.
Saturday, October 9th, 2010
Remember the last monsoon drizzle and the smell from the moist soil, or that moment when you discovered the gas was leaking in your kitchen? These examples tell us that we can differentiate between a variety of odors and their intensities. We possess this ability because olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) in our nose can sense different odorants, just our tongue’s taste buds can detect different flavours. How does this smell sense develop? Do we ‘learn’ to smell and discern different odors and their intensities through experience or are these abilities that we are born with? Or is it a combination of both processes? If learning is involved, at which development stage do we ‘learn’? These are some of the questions central to understanding the experience-dependent modification of animal behavior.
Saturday, August 21st, 2010
We all grew up listening to the proverb - ‘Birds of a feather flock together’, but do you know birds of different feathers, i.e. birds belonging to different species, also flock together? There are obvious potential benefits for doing so- decreasing predation risks, increasing foraging efficiency, etc. Based on their behavioral traits, different species contribute differently to the formation and maintenance of such groups, and in providing symbiotic benefits to other participants. Examining the roles of various species in these motley crews is essential to answering many ecological and evolutionary questions pertinent to multi-species groups in general.
Saturday, August 7th, 2010

In the early days of June this year, NCBS students traveling to and from Mandara hostel noticed that large number of butterflies were often seen flying in the same direction. Intriguingly, some of the long-timers recalled that they had observed this beautiful sight every year, suggesting some kind of migratory ritual. Now the mystery is being addressed by NCBS scientist Sanjay Sane and his enthusiastic team.

Saturday, July 24th, 2010
In the last month three NCBS students added their names to the Centre’s honour roll of prize-winning conference presenters.  Manivannan S. from Gaiti Hasan’s calcium signaling group won one of the best poster awards at the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society of Developmental Biologists, held in Kyoto.  Girish Arjun Punjabi and Shivani Jadeja, respectively, won first and joint second prizes for best talks at the first Student Conference on Conservation Science (SCCS), Bangalore. They were reporting the results of research projects done within the M.Sc Wildlife Conservation programme run at NCBS in conjunction with the Wildlife Conservation Society-India and the Centre for Wildlife Studies.
Saturday, July 10th, 2010

Imagine a computer as sophisticated as is currently possible - a vast array of silicon-based interconnecting pathways. Even this would still be a primitive device compared to a mammalian Central Nervous System (CNS). The fundamental units of the CNS, the neurons, interact at junctions called synapses through their branched projections, the dendrites. The accurate and precise development of the branching patterns formed by dendrites is thus essential for the emergence of a functional network of neurons.

Monday, June 7th, 2010

A team of neuroscientists, led by Prof. Sumantra Chattarji at the National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bangalore has identified  previously unrecognised synaptic defects in an area of the brain that is involved in the debilitating emotional symptoms of Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), the leading genetic cause of autism and mental retardation. The study is of potential therapeutic significance because it also shows that even a relatively brief pharmacological treatment is capable of correcting some of these defects in mice that were genetically engineered to model FXS. The work, done together with collaborators at New York University, will be reported in the online early edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences the week of June 7-11.

Friday, May 21st, 2010

“In 2002, the world’s leaders agreed to achieve a significant reduction in the rate of biodiversity loss by 2010. Having reviewed all available evidence, including national reports submitted by Parties, this third edition of the Global Biodiversity Outlook concludes that the target has not been met. Moreover, the Outlook warns, the principal pressures leading to biodiversity loss are not just constant but are, in some cases, intensifying.”
Ban Ki-moon, Secretary General United Nations, in the Foreword to “Global Biodiversity Outlook 3”, 2010.

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